In our culture, the lower body and its function are a uncommon topic to discuss in a good society.Therefore, the disease that affects the parts of the body causes suffering not only physical, but also psychological properties.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - is as rare as we want;At least 10-15% of the entire adult population on Earth is subject to it.Often, people from 30 to 50 suffer from hemorrhoids, and men are more often four times more often than women.Unfortunately, far from all patients, feels the signs of the disease that have begun, go to the doctor.False shame prevents many, they prefer themselves, which only worsens their position.But hemorrhoids, like other diseases, are easiest to treat early.
What is the hemorrhoids and the cause of the incident
The last part of the digestive tract, the last segment of the colon, is called the rectum;It starts somewhere in the third sacred vertebra and ends with the anus.His blood supply is provided by five arteries (one of them, no pairing, called hemorrhoidal), and blood flow is performed by a vicinity of veins located in the rectal layer.At the bottom of the rectum, or the hemorrhoidal zone, under the mucous membrane is cavernous, or cavernous, the body, penetrated by the smallest vein network.Usually, these vessels should support connective tissue, but if they are weak, blood flow increases, and the outflow is disrupted, then the walls of the vessels are swollen, the body -cave body is filled with blood and sticks, filling the entire cavity and sometimes indicated through the anus.Hemorrhoids are the same swollen blood and highlight the body of the cave.Sometimes the appearance of hemorrhoids causes mechanical causes when, under the influence of several factors, the rectal muscle muscle fibers are stretched and loosened, which causes hemorrhoidal nodes to the anus and loss from it.The number of nodes in patients is very different - from one to several, which can fill the entire anal region.Their dimensions are also very different - from 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the true cause of hemorrhoids and development of hemorrhoids has not been revealed, it is believed that the following factors contribute to it:
- An inactive lifestyle.People are mainly subject to the appearance of hemorrhoids, for a long time to sit or stand for a long time.When a person sits or stands for a long time, blood stagnation occurs in the pelvic organs, which can interfere with the flow of blood through the veins.
- Physical work.However, physical activity is not panacea;People who work in areas where prolonged and continuous physical labor are also needed to have hemorrhoids.
- Complications for drainage- either diarrhea or chronic constipation.Both states cause increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, which in turn leads to increased hemorrhoidal nodes and their losses.
- Incorrect nutrition.Increased use of alcohol, spicy foods causes arterial entry into the body of the rectal cave, which contributes to their development.Food, poor in fiber, causes constipation, and lots of fatty foods - diarrhea.
- Hypothermia or too hot in the pelvic area.Both of these conditions exacerbate blood circulation and contribute to blood stagnation in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, giving birth.In this case, a woman increases pressure in the abdomen, and blood flow through the veins may be disrupted.As a result, hemorrhoids can be formed.
- Obesity.Especially the occurrence of hemorrhoids is subject to people whose fat is stored in the stomach.
- Some sexual practiceIncludes anal sex.
- A variety of diseases: liver disease (with them, venous blood flow suffering from disruption, increased pressure in the veins, which contributes to the development of hemorrhoids);pelvic organs (bladder, prostate);Neoplasms and/or inflammation in the pelvis, intestines.
- Reason: Lack of functional tissue function, nerve disorders that damage the tone of the vein, heart pathology and blood vessels.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids arise gradually and invisible;One does not experience specific difficulties, except from time to time after drainage may feel discomfort, pain, itching in the anus.Soft cloth in the anus can swell.The mucus can be released from the rectum, irritating the anus and causing the sensation to burn.Sometimes patients have feelings, as if foreign bodies are in the back hole;After drainage, long pain is frequent.This phenomenon is enhanced as a diet or gastrointestinal tract disorder.But often people find a doctor after detecting blood in stools, on toilet paper or pants in the form of small drops, strips or, in rare cases, with intense bleeding.
However, bleeding from the anus is not always associated with hemorrhoids (especially if the patient is over 40).Rectal bleeding can also occur in the following diseases:
- An anal crack
- rectal oncology disease
- Loss of rectum
- Colitis, polyps, condylomas
Patients should pay attention to whether bleeding is due to changes in bowel behavior, color stool or consistency that is different than normal.With such symptoms, consulting a doctor immediately can occur elsewhere the gastrointestinal tract.
How is hemorrhoids real
Hemorrhoids occurexternalorinternal.With external hemorrhoids, hemorrhoidal nodes are expanded, formed from lower venous plexus and located directly in the anus.Because inflammation is not inside the rectum, but outside of it, if desired, you can consider this area with your own eyes.Bleeding in the form of hemorrhoids is practically absent, but patients are very concerned about pain in the rectal region.External nodes are often inflamed, injured by coarse linen and are more often reborn into oncological formations.This type of hemorrhoids is relatively rare - no more than 10% of the number of patients suffering from them.
The internal hemorrhoidal node is located in the rectal sink, it is possible to see them with naked views only in the final stages of the disease, when the cave shells are so defective that they see through the anus.The main symptoms of internal hemorrhoids are the presence of blood in the stool (although most often it is red, arterial, it is also possible that dark vein blood with clumps), pain during urination.In the final stages of the disease, hemorrhoids fall from the anus;At first, they were pulled inside, but then the patient had to do it manually.
There are also combined hemorrhoids, in which both the rectal cave and the subcutaneous vein of the anal area are defective.
Hemorrhoids occursharp,chronic.Then the disease lasts a long time, months and even years, while periodically worsening - bleeding occurs, nodes fall, pinch and convey many difficulties.During the period of forgiveness, provided that the precautionary measures are observed by the patient practically do not feel uncomfortable.
Stage of development of disease
Most cases of hemorrhoids are diagnosed at a later stage - either because the patient does not pay attention to the symptoms, which associates it for other reasons, or due to false shame, tightening the journey to the doctor.There are four stages of hemorrhoids.
- First stage.These symptoms are stated great, only in special cases (for example, with intestinal disorders, after heavy physical labor, long standing or sitting in place, food disorders, overheating or hypothermia).Sometimes the patient feels uncomfortable during the disinfection, burns and itching later.At the examination, the doctor recorded the presence of blood and stretched the blood vessel wall.If hemorrhoids are able to diagnose at this stage, treatment occurs quickly and without problems.
- The second stage.Hemorrhoids rise in size, their walls become thinner, small rest can shape them, leading to bleeding.In patients, after large physical work, complicated eradication or hypothermia, blood traces in the stool, on toilet paper or underwear can be observed, but the bleeding is very small and quickly passes.Hemorrhoids are slightly enlarged and can fall from the anus after drainage, however, return itself.Their appearance is caused by increased pressure in the peritoneum with severe stress, whether it is physical labor or strong cough.At this stage, you can still use conservative treatment.
- The third stage.The anal sphincter undergoes dystrophic changes and weakened, as a result of the falling hemorrhoidal node can only be corrected by hand.Patients are worried about severe itching, bleeding is frequent and numerous.Conservative treatment is no longer possible.
- The fourth stage.The node is so enlarged that it is not possible to fix it.Muscle -The anal hole is very weak, the sphincter tone is reduced.To lose the node, even the smallest physical activity is sufficient.The nodes themselves can take the form of seals, they are inflamed;Inflammation can also affect nearby fabrics.
Complications with hemorrhoids
Fortunately, complications with hemorrhoids are not found too often.Although most importantly, with the patient's hemorrhoids, the type of blood fear, it does not stand out until it is a danger to life.However, with prolonged bleeding, anemia is possible.
The flow of mucus from the anus causes itching and can cause eczema.
With further development of the disease, when hemorrhoids have moved to the third or fourth stage, the patient is given many manual reduction in nodes.And they were able to fall not only after the extinguishing of urination, but also with severe cough, sneezing, physical work.
In rare cases, fallen hemorrhoidal nodes can be pinned by the anal sphincter muscles, which causes severe pain.If the node is not adjusted, thrombosis may develop.This is the most difficult complication for hemorrhoids, which requires immediate medical treatment.In this case, hemorrhoidal nodes are swollen, tense, highly increased in size, and purulent infections in the patient's body are possible.Patients lose their appetite, their temperature rises, they are sick.
Any disease becomes worse if it is not treated.It is no exception to hemorrhoids - if there is no treatment, it develops, which can cause irreversible changes in the rectal vein.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The reason for the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant women is to squeeze the body of the rectum cave, which increases in the size of the uterus, which results in affected blood flow, blood vessels and the formation of hemorrhoid nodes.Also, the appearance of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can cause constipation when the stool stretches the rectum and injures the body of the cave.As a rule, in recent months, a woman has had to live an inactive lifestyle, which also does not contribute to body healing.During childbirth, the perineum muscles are pounded, the body of the rectum cave is stretched and injured.With severe perineum muscle stretching, the disadvantage of the anal sphincter is possible and, as a result, loss of node.
Often those who give birth to women confuse the symptoms of hemorrhoids by giving birth and not see a doctor immediately, thus causing the development of the disease.
Which doctor will be contacted with suspicion of hemorrhoids?
If someone is worried about unpleasant sensations in the anus, itching, and blood trace, you should consult a professionalist or a collapsed doctor.
Diagnosis of a disease
Usually, to diagnose hemorrhoids, there is sufficient visual examination of the patient's body.At the same time, the patient either takes the knee elbow position or occupies a gynecological chair.Doctors examine the patient's anal, pay special attention to the condition of the skin, the presence of hemorrhoidal nodes, their values and position.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may conduct another study:
- Rectum.Doctors study the anal tissue, assess the condition of the rectal mucous membrane, as well as the surrounding organs and tissues, determine the location of the hemorrhoidal node, their value and the level of pain, and whether there is bleeding.True, the exact size of the node cannot be set - when their feelings, they, as a rule, are reduced in size.In this case, the patient may lie on his side, behind him or stand on four, and the doctor in the glove with his index finger examines the rectum from the inside.Already after the finger examination, the doctor may prescribe anoscopy and a spectrum.
- Anoscopy.With anoscopy, a special device is introduced backwards, allowing doctors to check the rectum surface for 10-15 cm.Using an anoscope, the doctor determines where the body is really affected, whether there is a tumor-shaped process and an inflammatory disease in the rectum.Anoscope is also used to take tests - biopsy and stroke.This procedure is painless and has no contraindications;Exceptions are the severity of inflammation.Then the doctor recommends first removing the inflammation and only conducting the examination.
Although anoscopy is a relatively simple procedure, it requires early preparation.So that no one prevents rectal examination, the patient should refrain from the previous dinner, as well as make two cleaning enema - one and a half days before the procedure and the second - a few hours before.It is also possible that the doctor will ask the patient to take a laxative at night.
Also, to exclude the risk of developing oncology pathology, doctors may offer patients to passSectoronoscopy- Sigmoid and rectal examination.With this examination, the doctor can check the rectal surface of up to 25 cm.If for some reason, it is impossible to perform stomoroscopy (say, patients have rectal pathological disorders), they are performed instead ofColonoscopy- When the inner surface of the rectum is checked with an endoscope.
Thanks to this approach, doctors can get a clear picture of the disease, where it is and how it will develop.Along the way, you can identify other diseases that affect the function of the body system nearby.Usually hemorrhoids are accompanied by disease of the body and colon, which is caused by hemorrhage from hemorrhoids.Sometimes there are also angry bowel syndrome.
How to treat hemorrhoids
After making a diagnosis, the doctor decides to be prescribed.But with all stages of hemorrhoids, from the first to the last, the treatment is performed that allows you to stop the symptoms of the disease - to reduce the pain, stop the bleeding.If the first or second -level hemorrhoids, it is possible to cure it when using so -called.Conservative treatment - the use of medication that relieves pain, prevents complications, and also contributes to the postoperative recovery of the patient.The best results are provided by the joint use of the secondary medicine -two external and internal uses.
| Band | Scope | Application method | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medications and anti -anti -analgesic and analgesic analgesics | Remove the inflammation process, reduce swelling, anesthetic | Verbally | |
| Venotonizing agent | Increases blood vessels, reduces veins, prevent thrombosis | Orally, external | |
| Hemostatics | Stop bleeding | Orally, in the form of injections | |
| Ointment | Relieves cramps and inflammation, anesthetics | External | |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent hemorrhoid thrombosis | Injection | |
| Lasse | Normalizing a chair | Verbally | |
| Enema | Normalizing a chair | External | |
| Candle | Stimulation of blood supply, analgesic, anti - | External |
If after one or two weeks no positive changes were observed, the second exam should undergo a proctologist who will offer different treatment.
If the second or third -level hemorrhoids are not possible to cure it with only medications, mentioned.Small methods - unlike surgery, they are less traumatic for patients, patients spend some time in the hospital and recover faster.These include:
- Infrared radiation.Using infrared coagulators, doctors act on hemorrhoidal nodes at high temperatures, remove blood vessels.This operation does not require anesthesia (except in the case of high individual sensitivity in this area in patients) and has low trauma.Freezing can also be carried out using laser rays.
- Sclerotherapy.Patients in hemorrhoidal nodes introduce special materials that attach the vessel wall.Usually, with sclerotherapy, the substance is introduced to no more than two nodes so that the patient does not experience pain syndrome.The next session is held within two weeks.
- Ligating (ligation) hemorrhoids with latex rings.This method is most commonly used to treat hemorrhoids in elderly patients who have complicated the treatment of the disease.At the same time, a small ring made of latex is used at the base of the node, which gradually squeezing the nodes, leading to necrosis and its rejection.At the same time, bleeding does not occur, as the stump is blocked by the ring;Next, healthy connective tissue is formed in place.This procedure is almost painless, has low trauma, and the ring can be used quickly with the anoscope.
- Cryotherapy.In this method of treatment, hemorrhoidal nodes are exposed to low temperatures, after melting them, the resulting wound heals over time and form of connective tissue on the site of the node.This operation is carried out under local anesthesia.
All slightly invasive treatment methods are used only if there is no hemorrhoid enlargement.If hemorrhoids enter the acute stage, it should first relieve inflammation and reduce bleeding.
Hemorrhoids surgery treatment
In the fourth stage of hemorrhoids, surgical treatment is indicated.Operations (hemorrhoidctomy) are carried out in the following ways: The main group of hemorrhoidal nodes is subject to isolation, ligure is used for their reasons, the edges of the wound are sewn.Although it sounds scary, the operation, though quite unpleasant, is very effective and has the smallest number of relapse.However, afterwards, complications are possible: severe pain, bleeding, scarring, anal canal, anal tension, wound suppuration, paraprocitis.After surgery, it is necessary to observe the regime prescribed by the doctor - to reject the duration of physical activity and hot baths.
Home hemorrhoid treatment
There are many folk remedies from hemorrhoids, but not everything is effective, and some can be dangerous.It is recommended to use it only when approving the attending physician.
Decoctions of the Highlander of the renal, fruits rosehips and raspberry leaves will help reduce inflammation and normalize blood vessels.You can also rinse the area of the anal and hemorrhoidal nodes, especially after water removal, herbal decoctions with anti -inflammation (Calendula, St John's Wort, Chamomile).Also with them, you can make a warm bath for 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Prevention of hemorrhoids
The easiest way to prevent the occurrence or removal of hemorrhoids, eat properly so that the chair is soft, and there is no constipation.This is the following:
- There is a high fiber food-Fruits, vegetables, cereals, cereals.This softens the chair and increases the volume, which helps prevent increased pressure in the abdominal cavity.However, in small portions should be introduced into your diet so that they do not cause increased gas formation.It is recommended to prevent sharp dishes, seasonings and alcohol.
- Drink plenty of liquid.It is recommended to drink from six to eight glasses of water or other fluids daily (alcohol is not included here) so that the chair is softer and does not injure the rectal wall.
- Add drugs containing nutritional fiber for your diet.Most people do not receive enough fiber daily (25 g are recommended for women, for men - 38 g).Some nutritional supplements can improve the general condition of patients with advanced hemorrhoids.But keep in mind that with the introduction of additives with high fiber content into the diet, the use of water or other fluids (non -alcoholic) to eight glasses a day or more should be increased.Otherwise, they can cause constipation.
- Do not strain during drainage.Excessive tension and breathing while trying to relieve large pressure in the rectal vein.
- Visit the toilet on time.If a person for some reason removes urination, the chair can become dry and it will be more difficult to remove it from the body.However, you should not be involved in the laxity - with continuous use, they can irritate the anus and also contribute to the development of the inflammatory process in the rectum.
- Training.It is recommended to practice or engage in other physical activity-this will improve the condition of the vascular system, increase blood flow and reduce pressure on the veins.With sitting or standing work, it is advisable to rest for a few hours, walk, stretch, do some exercises.
- Avoid long periods of time.Too long sitting or standing can increase pressure on the veins in the rectal region.