Hemorrhoid

Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in rectal hemorrhoidal veins. Inflammation of the hemorrhoidal node is characterized by thrombosis, changes in form and development of hemorrhoidal vein pathology, forming nodes around the rectum.

According to statistics, about 25% of people suffer from hemorrhoids, which are aggravated by them from time to time. And more than 70% of people at least sometimes experience various symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as discomfort in the anus, itching and pain during water removal.

Hemorrhoids in women often occur during pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated in a very gentle method, as pregnant women are not recommended to take some medications for hemorrhoids prescribed in normal order. Hemorrhoids in men are also a relatively frequent phenomenon due to several other reasons and factors that will be discussed further.

What is the cause of hemorrhoids?

It is generally accepted that hemorrhoids develop due to increased blood flow or inadequate outflow, leading to unstable processes. The causes and factors of hemorrhoids are:

• Predit of descent against hemorrhoids. This is a major factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids, which must be said in the first place. And although hemorrhoids are not inherited, the tendency of the disease can be determined by genetic factors. The legacy of certain gene groups leads to congenital weaknesses or vascular dysfunction located in the rectum. This is the cause of enhanced flow and insufficient blood flow through the cave, leading to the latter development of pathology. The development of long cavernous veins leads to thinning of the blood vessel wall, which contributes to the occurrence of hemorrhage with hemorrhoids.
• Old work and weight loss. As well as inactive lifestyle, physical burden also contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. First of all, this applies to people who have to stay in a long standing position. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Switzerland, controllers, hairdressers and others. Lifting height is another reason for the development of hemorrhoids and loss of hemorrhoids.
• An inactive lifestyle. These are serious negative factors, especially in relation to office workers, drivers and people, who carry an inactive lifestyle. Inactive lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First of all, this increases the pressure on the rectal vessels in a sitting position. With prolonged chairs, the anus is slightly heated, leading to unstable phenomena and vascular development. In addition, the lack of physical energy is the right path for the development of venous deficiency. Including this applies to veins located in the rectum.
• Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People suffering from chronic constipation are exposed to the development of hemorrhoids. Why is this happening? This is with constipation, stiff stools, pressure on the veins in the lower intestine. This leads to deterioration in cavernous blood supply and the appearance of hemorrhoids. Additional factors in constipation are the most refusal habits during water removal, which produces additional pressure on the rectum.

As well as constipation, contributes to the development of severe hemorrhoids and diarrhea (diarrhea), leading to irritation and inflammation of the rectal mucous membranes.

• Pregnancy. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth are a frequent phenomenon, as fetal bearings produce pressure on the rectal vessels. And the current trial of giving birth only exacerbates hemorrhoids and contributes to the formation of new hemorrhoids.
• Improper nutrition, spicy food abuse and alcohol. An important factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids is the deficiency of the food. In particular, the abuse of spicy foods leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa, and also stimulates enhanced blood flow to the rectum. And inadequate use of fiber (plant food) exacerbates intestinal motility. The provocative factor in the development of hemorrhoids is alcohol, which expands the vessel. Receiving alcoholic beverages, even in small quantities, can cause chronic hemorrhoids.

The main factors that contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:

1. Obesity.
2. Descent tendency.
3. Inactive lifestyle (hypodynamia) or work related to low motor activity.
4. Activities related to excessive muscle tension (high physical activity).
5. Pressure.
6. In violation of blood flow in the rectum.
7. Frequent constipation.
8. The process of inflammation and tumors in the intestines and liver.
9. Infection.
10. Smoke.

Internal and external

At the scene of the hemorrhoidal node, the disease is divided into two main types: internal and external hemorrhoids.

With external hemorrhoids, nodes are formed around the anus, related to this, their sensitive surfaces often rupture and bright red blood bleeding occurs. The pain in the external hemorrhoids is quite sharp and strong, but in terms of free diagnosis, this species does not represent any difficulties.

The internal type of hemorrhoids, although it pays a more serious threat to health, is often distinguished by the lack of complete pain (especially in the early stages of the disease). This fact is explained by the fact that the hemorrhoidal node is located inside, and the surface is the same mucous membrane of the rectum, which is living.

Degree

Typically distinguish 3 degrees of internal hemorrhoids:

• First degree. Hemorrhoids are located in the anus, may not be felt (even with rectal studies). Complaints of inflammation of the anal and bleeding, "wrinkled" pain after drainage.
• The 2nd degree. The node stands out of the anus when it relieves and disappears freely. Basically, the same disturbance is observed here such as 1st grade hemorrhoids, however, small rupture of the mucous membranes, and the inflammation of the anus is stronger.
• The 3rd degree. It is characterized by the loss of hemorrhoidal node, which does not recover independently. Symptoms can be the same as at 2-, but often fecal and gas phenomena develop. When examined by hemorrhoids, it is distinguished from the decrease of the anus along the radiant groove, cyanotic dye and tuberous surface.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs -Hemorrhoids Features -Features of all stages of disease development:

• discomfort in the anus;
• pain during drainage (initially not important, then strong);
• bleeding from the anus;
• Formation and growth of hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are a chronic pathology that lasted for years. The rate of development of the disease depends on many factors, including nutrition, lifestyle.

For the early stageThe disease is characterized by a slight increase in veins in the anus. Usually such marks are still unknowingly. In this case, the patient may be interrupted by the blood discharge of the rectum that occurs immediately after the drainage. Blood can be easily seen on toilet paper. Keep in mind that the same symptoms are characteristic of malignant intestinal tumors, so when that happens, you should consult a proctologist. Searching for a doctor and the appointment of therapy will easily delay the development of hemorrhoids.

In the second stageRegular development of the patient's disease can experience discomfort in the anus, itching. Often he has a foreign body sensation in the anus. Hemorrhoids begin to fall during water and are still easily adjusted.

For the third stageHemorrhoids are characterized by increasing existing features. Large vein nodes in the anus make it difficult to clear intestinal emptying, the cause of constipation, the action of the water itself is accompanied by pain and bleeding. Strong bleeding with hemorrhoids is dangerous, over time it can lead to the development of anemia.

For the last stageThe disease is characterized by an increase in hemorrhoid size. They cannot be straightened by hand. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes severe discomfort, it hurts the patient, going to the toilet. He was worried about the abundance of bleeding during every drainage. The fourth stage of the development of hemorrhoids can be complicated by unpleasant and dangerous phenomena such as vein thrombosis at the end of the rectum.

Hemorrhoids in pregnant women

Often hemorrhoids occur during the last trimester of pregnancy and give birth. The cause of hemorrhoids is to stab the uterus increasing the intestinal veins, which causes deterioration of blood flow from the intestines and from the perineum. Vienna increases in diameter and changes its shape. Regular constipation in pregnant women can also cause her appearance.

However, in most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids pass through the postpartum period, so it is believed that the causes can be hormone changes. It must be treated immediately after the first symptom is detected. It is important to deal with constipation, for example, taking medication to relieve stools (forlax, laminaride, methyl -velosis), observing hygiene rules (anal washing after urination). Hemorrhoids (aurobin, discharge, etc. -other) are used mainly externally in the form of ointments and candles. Surgical intervention is performed only in severe cases.

Prevention of hemorrhoids should be done from the first days of pregnancy -make a competent diet to prevent constipation, not wear tight belts, spend more time in fresh air, and walk -walking.

What is the danger?

Launching the disease without proper treatment will lead to some very unpleasant complications.

Hemorrhoid complications:

1. Anemia (develops with long disease with abundant bleeding).
2. The process of inflammation in the surrounding tissue, until the development of paraproctitis (fiber inflammation around the rectum). Paraproproctitis is considered severe complications that require serious treatment.
3. Anal fracture. The most common cause of pain in hemorrhoids. Cracks create favorable conditions for the development and penetration of various infections deep into soft tissue. This fact can lead to the development of awesome complications as an abscess (limited purulent inflammation, accompanied by general weakness, severe temperature and pain). This complication requires mandatory surgical intervention.
4. Itching. Very unpleasant complications, which act not only as a strong negative psychological moment, weaken the psycho -emotional state of the patient. Always the mechanical irritation of the anal region, can worsen the disease process. In addition, persistent damage to tissue increases the risk of developing various tumor processes.
5. Deficiency of anal sphincter, gas and stool incontinence (often in the elderly).

This is because hemorrhoids require early diagnosis and take immediate steps to resolve the problem.

What are hemorrhoids like: photos

Diagnostics

As a rule, the diagnosis is not associated with special difficulties, the diagnosis occurs as part of the patient's survey and early outpatient examination. Inspections help determine:

• Level of loss from the anus of the node,
• evaluate their possibility turning away,
• Skin condition,
• as well as the relevance and level of bleeding.

Symptoms for hemorrhoids are similar to several other diseases. Therefore, the diagnosis should be careful as there is a risk of prescribing the wrong treatment. Hemorrhoids can be confused with:

• Anal cracks, which are also accompanied by slight bleeding, pain during drainage;
• Rectal cancer (malignant intestinal tumor occurs with bleeding);
• loss of rectum;
• Colitis, polyps and condylomas.

If you see the first signs of the disease, do not leave a doctor's journey for a long time. Early diagnosis will facilitate treatment and help prevent not only complications, but also surgical intervention.

How to treat hemorrhoids?

Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids:

1. Make sure you normalize your intestine. Chairs should be normal, soft. To normalize stools with hemorrhoids, foods with fiber content, including wheat bran, are recommended, but their numbers should be increased gradually within 2-3 weeks. (from 5-10 g to 20 g a day), which does not include the appearance of discomfort.
2. With constipation, you can recommend lactulose up to 30-40 ml a day to reach daily soft chairs and other ways, follow your diet and suggestions for constipation.

This treatment uses local medicines: rectal candles from hemorrhoids and ointments.

• With pain, candles containing small doses of narcotic vehicles (for example, Beladonna, etc. ) Help. You can prescribe candles, alginate sodium, ichthyol, depending on the symptoms and levels of the disease.
• If there is no bleeding, you can prescribe a suppository or ointment of phenylefrin hydrochloride, and more but all the drugs are prescribed in each case, so only a proctologist can prescribe the right treatment after examining the patient.
• In pain, in addition to candles, cold lotions can be used, but no more than 30 seconds.
• To improve the efficiency of local drugs, it is necessary to take oral products that improve the tone of the vessels and prevent thrombosis: Diosmine, Troxerutin.
• Lutting hemorrhoidal nodes (prolapse) is the basis for their dress. When hemorrhoidal vein thrombosis, cold and lidocaine hydrochloride (1%solution) is used locally, and further bandages are possible.
• With relapse, despite treatment, hemorrhoids --ectomy are recommended.

The method of treatment is an exclusive symptom - that is, hemorrhoids do not radically cure hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily overcome unpleasant hemorrhoids. If the patient after medication will comply with medical recommendations for recurrent prevention, surgical treatment can be avoided.

But it is not always the patient to follow all the suggestions.

Small methods

Minimum invasive treatment allows you to quickly and without serious injury to eliminate fine problems such as hemorrhoids. Therapeutic methods in most cases only relieve the symptoms of the disease, slowing down when needing to use more radical methods. Prior to the appointment of a particular procedure, the doctor studied the patient's history, conducting a comprehensive examination, evaluating all possible risks.

• Sclerotherapy- This is a low treatment through special sclerosing ingredients that are inserted into the nodes, wall glue, so that it is possible to achieve the cessation of their diet and death in the future. This technique is only conducted at level 1-3. It does not exclude the risk of relapse of the disease and is only effective with small hemorrhoids.
• ElectrocoagulationIt is carried out under the control of the anoscope. The electrode is brought to the knot's feet and the cloth is frozen (welded), after which they die quickly. In one procedure, it is possible to get rid of 1-2 pathological focus. After attaching, the hemorrhoidal node stops eating and growing, and after a while it is completely gone.
• Ligating with latex rings-One of the most modern methods for minimum invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids 1-3 stages. Latex ligatures are used through the anoscope of the nodes, leading to squashing tissue and infringement of blood circulation in it. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoidal node dies and removed with a latex ring.
• Cryotherapy- Short effect on hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. After that, the hemorrhoids died and disappeared. This procedure occurs under local anesthesia, so there is no painful sensation.

Small invasive procedures are contraindicated in:

• worsen the inflammation process in the rectum and anus;
• Anal cracks, injuries;
• Hemorrhoid thrombosis.

Small invasive methods for combating hemorrhoids can be used only at stage 1-3 diseases, of course come out of the severity of the inflammation process. All procedures are performed after local anesthesia. No need to use general anesthesia. In one session, only 1-3 knots can be removed. Sometimes treatment occurs in several stages, from intervals in a few weeks.

Surgical

Surgical treatment is the most effective treatment for the third and fourth stages.

Hemorrhoid removal operations, which are proposed for the last 30 centuries, are still in use and continued to be modified. In the world, two types of operations are performed mainly:

1. Hemorrhoidctomy is closed. Apply in stages of disease III and IV.
2. Open hemorrhoidctomy. Also in stages III and IV, but complicated by anal cracks or paraprocitis.

Also in 1993, a new way to treat hemorrhoids was suggested, it was performed by Italian Doctor A. Relongo, consisting of round removal of mucous layers and rectal outlets using special tools.

Patients are released 3-4 days after surgery, a defect recovery occurs at 5-7 days. A small percentage of postoperative complications is also observed.

Power and diet after surgery

In most cases, patients, after surgery for hemorrhoids, may start to drink, and eat hours after surgery.

But to observe the nutrition schedule (according to Pevzer 1A), to exclude products and dishes that delight the stomach secretion and stimulate the mucous membranes. Foods must be cooked in eliminated form, cooking for steam or boiled on water, should take liquid conditions and foam. Excludes: hot and cold products, bread and flour, fruits -raw cheese, cheese, dairy products, sour cream, cottage cheese, spices, sauce, coffee, tea.

Eat 6 times a day in small portions. Recovery of normal intestinal surgery usually occurs on the second day after surgery, so it can be passed on to a regular diet. But, of course, all sharp and spicy dishes should be excluded, alcohol should also be forgotten. Commenting on these suggestions, you can reduce recovery time after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.

Home

You can freely take several steps that will help reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoids at home. However, keep in mind that they will not help get rid of the disease:

• Warm baths help well. You can take a shower or just sit in a water basin. It should put the anus area in warm water for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day.
• Comprehensive hygiene in the anal region. It needs to take a bath or bath daily, carefully wash the anus.
• Do not use soap in the anus and other ways that can cause irritation. Avoid the use of flavored wet tissue, which includes alcohol.
• Do not use regular toilet paper. It is best to use wet tissue, but without alcohol.
• Use cold. To remove edema in the anus, you can use cold heating pads, ice packs, fabrics moistened in cold water.

In addition, a diet with hemorrhoids pursues two goals: to prevent constipation and irritation in the rectum. The main suggestion:

• Drink enough liquid. This will help make the chair softer, facilitating the path through the intestines.
• Your diet should include more vegetables, fruits, cereals. They contain vegetable fibers, which help prevent constipation.
• Alcohol, coffee, strong tea should be avoided.
• Limit sharp dishes, spices.
• It is best to take food in small portions, 4-5 times a day.
• Eat at the same time.
• Physical activity also helps normalize bowel work.

Gymnastics

Gymnastics exercises are intended to prevent constipation and strengthen the anal sphincter. For example, improving blood flow and strengthening the newspaper muscle layer, you can normalize intestinal work, which and prevent constipation:

• "Scissors" exercises are conducted by lying on the back with the lifted leg, which needs to be diluted and crossed alternately;
• "Bicycle" is a well -known exercise that reminds you of the bike journey, however, lying on your back;
• And you can lie on the floor (in the back), place your feet straight, lift one or the other, if possible, reach the right angle in the hip joint. Or bend your feet on your knees and spread to the side, trying to demolish the basin from the floor as much as possible.

So someone is organized that he feels his "fifth point" in any position and can lead it, so gymnastics to strengthen the anus does not require any device and can be done anywhere, and the people around him cannot see it.

Therefore, training to strengthen the sphincter:

1. Wake up, brush your feet and make rhythmic relaxation and gluteal muscle tension;
2. Choose the hardest chairs, sit a little forward (you can easily do the desktop), try to reduce and relieve the sfinkter in turn, trying to push the anal into the rectum. You should take 20 minutes for training, which, if desired, can be found.

Prevention

The best tool for hemorrhoids is prevention. There are predisposing factors that lead to the development of the disease:

• Irregular chairs, tendencies for constipation or diarrhea, habits of choking during water or for a long time to sit in the toilet with books;
• Hard physical work and, on the other hand, lack of movement, stay long in a sitting position;
• pregnancy and childbirth;
• Alcohol abuse.

This means that lifestyle correction will help reduce the journey of the disease.

1. It is advisable to reconsider the diet: to leave simple carbohydrates (pastries, sugar -gula) in favor of complex (vegetables, fruits, vegetables, cereal bread), not tea and coffee, drinking water, it will help normalize chairs.
2. Avoid alcohol, including beer.
3. With hemorrhoids, we are not desirable by horseback riding, heavy sports, bicycle sports, but walking or swimming are just necessary.
4. It is useful for strengthening the muscles of the stomach and back newspapers, to do gymnastics in Kegel.
5. Sitting in the toilet for a long time is a bad habit. But for use after visiting the toilet bidet or ascending bath for washing, on the contrary, very useful.

If all preventive measures are inevitable, they do not need to panic. It is advisable to change the position of sitting to lie, compress cold compression to a sore spot, moistened in potassium permanganate solution or arrange a bath with chamomile (not hot! ), Don't forget about diet and personal hygiene.